spaces between rows after theme update

Hi there,

the spaces shown in the screenshot appeared after updating the theme. this happened a few months ago but it went away after updating the required plugins. however, it didn’t solve the issue this time. what’s baffling is that none of those elements seem to have any padding/margins .

first and last screenshots are from the home page. the second one is from here http://drpappsurgery.com/obesity-surgery/ but it’s affecting almost all the pages.

theme version – 4.2

visual composer – 5.1.1

k elements – 4.2

slider revolution – 5.4.1 (cannot update)

let me know if you want admin access to the site.

Thanks